oracle安装简洁步骤-白红宇

oracle安装简洁步骤

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发布时间：2019-06-29

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update:2014-09-09

创建表空间,用户,授权.

SQL>

select * from dba_data_files;

create tablespace shequ datafile '/u01/oracle/oradata/shequ/shequ01.dbf' size 4096m autoextend on;

create user shequ identified by shequ;

alter user shequ default tablespace shequ;

grant connect,resource,dba to shequ;

$ sqlplus shequ/shequ@shequ

==================================

1,选择自定义模式

选择安装类型的时候，注意有产品语言选项

2,选择仅安装软件，然后再netca,dbca来配置监听并建库。

dbca的时候，选择custom database;

到了数据文件存放设置步骤时，最好自定义路径

到了flash recovery area 时候，可以反选

并建议启用归档，勾选enable archiving 并手动指定归档日志存放的绝对路径，比如：/u01/arch(设置一个路径即可)

到了数据库组件选择部分，仅选择最下方企业管理资料库即可

***重要是设置初始化参数部分***

占物理内存的百分比

块大小

并发连接数

字符编码，使用unicode(AL32UTF8),或者指定ZHS16GBK(不推荐这种方式)，根据具体业务库情况具体确定，而且要注意和环境变量的配置保持一致；地区字符设置，默认语言可以不用修改

这里注意配置oracle用户.bash_profile中的export NLS_LANG=时候要写正确：

export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8

连接模式：专用，共享(推荐专用)

到了storage步骤，需要调整系统辅助，系统，临时,undo表空间的文件大小

最后，建议勾选“生成手工建库”脚本

3,切记，切记配置/etc/hosts

如果报错：

An unexpected exception has been detected in native code outside the VM.

Unexpected Signal : 11 occurred at PC=0xB7597503

Function=index+0x63

Library=/lib/libc.so.6

Current Java thread:

at oracle.net.common.NetGetEnv.getDNSDomain(Native Method)

at oracle.net.ca.ConfigureProfile.setDefaultProfileParams(Unknown Source)

at oracle.net.ca.InitialSetup.setupConfigObjects(Unknown Source)

at oracle.net.ca.InitialSetup.<init>(Unknown Source)

at oracle.net.ca.NetCA.main(Unknown Source)

那么就：

#vi

#ifconfig eth0

#vi

-----------------------

一，下载安装介质(略)

二，安装系统(略),注意分区、自定义组件包、修改/etc/hosts、/etc/sysconfig/network、系统时间等基本细节。

三，安装依赖包：

#yum -y install yum-utils.noarch

查看依赖包是否有安装：

#rpm -q compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel glibc glibc-devel glibc-common gcc gcc-c++ kernel-headers libgcc libaio libaio-devel libstdc++ libstdc++-devel unixODBC unixODBC-devel sysstat binutils make

单纯下载依赖包：

#yumdownloader compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel glibc glibc-devel glibc-common gcc gcc-c++ kernel-headers libgcc libaio libaio-devel libstdc++ libstdc++-devel unixODBC unixODBC-devel sysstat binutils make

yum方式安装依赖包：

#yum -y install compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel glibc glibc-devel glibc-common gcc gcc-c++ kernel-headers libgcc libaio libaio-devel libstdc++ libstdc++-devel unixODBC unixODBC-devel sysstat binutils make

四，创建组及用户并设置密码：

# mkdir -p /u01/oracle && groupadd oinstall && groupadd dba && groupadd oper && useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle && passwd oracle

五，移动安装目录，修改所属，修改目录权限：

# cp -Rv database/ /u01

# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/ && chmod -R 775 /u01/

六，修改参数文件3种，并配置环境变量2处：

#vi /etc/sysctl.conf 具体值可根据oracle安装向导检测结果返回来修正

kernel.shmall = 268435456

kernel.shmmax = 2147483648

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

fs.file-max = 65536

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000

net.core.rmem_default = 4194304

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 262144

#sysctl -p 使生效

#vi /etc/security/limits.conf

oracle soft nproc 2047

oracle hard nproc 16384

oracle soft nofile 1024

oracle hard nofile 65536

#vi /etc/pam.d/login

#session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so

session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so(64位系统使用这个路径)

session required pam_limits.so

(1)

#vi /etc/profile，可选，修改内容同下

(2)

#vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/oracle/version

export ORACLE_SID= testdb

export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib:/lib:$ORACLE_HOME

export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK

export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME;

七，执行安装脚本

#cd /u01/database

# ./runInstaller

八，如果使用建库脚本来建库的话，要注意脚本路径对应，sql是否有在引用的路径下存在

[oracle@app1 scripts]$ vi sid.sh[oracle@app1 scripts]$ ./sid.shYou should Add this entry in the /etc/oratab: sid:/u01/oracle/10:YSQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Feb 25 18:03:45 2014Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.specify a password for sys as parameter 1Enter value for 1:

如果成功的话，可能是这种的结尾：

==============  End of creation  ==============Connected.SQL> spool /u01/oracle/admin/ebank/scripts/postDBCreation.logSQL> shutdown immediate;Database closed.Database dismounted.ORACLE instance shut down.SQL> connect "SYS"/"&&sysPassword" as SYSDBAConnected to an idle instance.SQL> startup mount pfile="/u01/oracle/admin/sid/scripts/init.ora";ORACLE instance started.Total System Global Area 1174405120 bytesFixed Size                  1219040 bytesVariable Size             301991456 bytesDatabase Buffers          855638016 bytesRedo Buffers               15556608 bytesDatabase mounted.SQL> alter database archivelog;SQL> alter database open;SQL> connect "SYS"/"&&sysPassword" as SYSDBAConnected.SQL> set echo onSQL> create spfile='/u01/oracle/10/dbs/SQL> connect "SYS"/"&&sysPassword" as SYSDBAConnected to an idle instance.SQL> startup ;ORACLE instance started.Total System Global Area 1174405120 bytesFixed Size                  1219040 bytesVariable Size             301991456 bytesDatabase Buffers          855638016 bytesRedo Buffers               15556608 bytesDatabase mounted.Database opened.spfileebank.ora' FROM pfile='/u01/oracle/admin/sid/scripts/init.ora';SQL> shutdown immediate;Database closed.Database dismounted.ORACLE instance shut down.SQL> connect "SYS"/"&&sysPassword" as SYSDBAConnected to an idle instance.SQL> startup ;ORACLE instance started.Total System Global Area 1174405120 bytesFixed Size                  1219040 bytesVariable Size             301991456 bytesDatabase Buffers          855638016 bytesRedo Buffers               15556608 bytesDatabase mounted.Database opened.SQL> alter user SYSMAN identified by "&&sysmanPassword" account unlock;old   1: alter user SYSMAN identified by "&&sysmanPassword" account unlocknew   1: alter user SYSMAN identified by "sid" account unlockSQL> alter user DBSNMP identified by "&&dbsnmpPassword" account unlock;old   1: alter user DBSNMP identified by "&&dbsnmpPassword" account unlocknew   1: alter user DBSNMP identified by "sid" account unlockSQL> select 'utl_recomp_begin: ' || to_char(sysdate, 'HH:MI:SS') from dual;'UTL_RECOMP_BEGIN:'||TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'HH:MI:SS')----------------------------------------------------utl_recomp_begin: 06:22:15SQL> execute utl_recomp.recomp_serial();SQL> select 'utl_recomp_end: ' || to_char(sysdate, 'HH:MI:SS') from dual;'UTL_RECOMP_END:'||TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'HH:MI:SS')------------------------------------------------utl_recomp_end: 06:22:18SQL> host /u01/oracle/10/bin/emca -config dbcontrol db -silent -DB_UNIQUE_NAME ebank -PORT 1521 -EM_HOME /u01/oracle/10 -LISTENER LISTENER -SERVICE_NAME ebank -SYS_PWD &&sysPassword -SID ebank -ORACLE_HOME /u01/oracle/10 -DBSNMP_PWD &&dbsnmpPassword -HOST ebank -LISTENER_OH /u01/oracle/10 -LOG_FILE /u01/oracle/admin/ebank/scripts/emConfig.log -SYSMAN_PWD &&sysmanPassword;STARTED EMCA at Feb 25, 2014 6:22:19 PMEM Configuration Assistant, Version 10.2.0.1.0 ProductionCopyright (c) 2003, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Feb 25, 2014 6:22:19 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMConfig performINFO: This operation is being logged at /u01/oracle/admin/ebank/scripts/emConfig.log.Feb 25, 2014 6:22:26 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.util.DBControlUtil startOMSINFO: Starting Database Control (this may take a while) ...Feb 25, 2014 6:24:04 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMDBPostConfig performConfigurationINFO: Database Control started successfullyFeb 25, 2014 6:24:04 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMDBPostConfig performConfigurationINFO: >>>>>>>>>>> The Database Control URL is http://app1:1158/em <<<<<<<<<<
     
       spool /u01/oracle/admin/sid/scripts/postDBCreation.logSQL>

要注意，如果是删除之前安装介质后，重新安装时，可能会报错：

Oracle SID在本机上已经存在,请指定一个不同的SID

这时候，需要注释掉：

/etc/oratab: sid:/u01/oracle/10:Y

九，常见简单报错处理：

1.报错：checking operating system version: must be，版本不对；

# cat /etc/redhat-release

# vi ./database/install/oraparam.ini

[Certified Versions] Linux=redhat-3,SuSE-9,redhat-4,UnitedLinux-1.0,asianux-1,asianux-2,redhat-6.2

# cat /etc/redhat-release #CentOS release 6.5 (Final)redhat-6

2.报错：libxp.so.6 cannot open shared object file no such file or dir，缺包

#yum install libXp.so.6 libXp-devel xorg-x11-deprecated-libs gcc-c++

这里比较变态的是，作为64位系统，安装了64位的libXp，是不行的；因为oracle的这个安装向导一定要i386的包才行。

$ ./runInstaller ... Exception java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: /tmp/OraInstall2005-06-15_07-36-25AM/jre/1.4.2/lib/i386/libawt.so: libXp.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory occurred.. java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: /tmp/OraInstall2005-06-15_07-36-25AM/jre/1.4.2/lib/i386/libawt.so: libXp.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory at java.lang.ClassLoader$NativeLibrary.load(Native Method) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibrary0(ClassLoader.java:1560) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibrary(ClassLoader.java:1477) ...

You may get this error message on RHEL3 x86_64, RHEL4 x86_64, and on other systems. Even though you most probably have

/usr/X11R6/lib64/libXp.so.6

installed on your system, this error messages is complaining that it can't find the

libXp.so.6

shared library for i386:
/tmp/OraInstall2005-06-15_07-36-25AM/jre/1.4.2/lib/i386/libawt.so: libXp.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory